Li hong zhang biography examples list
In a famous interview published by The New York Times on September 3, , Li was asked whether he favored the introduction of the newspaper into China as developed in the U. Li's answer was stunningly honest: "There are newspapers in China, but the Chinese editors, unfortunately, do not tell the truth. They do not, as your papers, tell 'the truth, whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
They do not have, therefore, the great circulations that your papers have. Because this economy of the truth, our papers fail in the mission of a great press, to be one of the means of civilization. While in Britain, he toured parts of the country by train, keeping with his desire to inspire railway development in his own country while constantly fighting against the prejudices of conservative leaders.
In , Li once more played a major diplomatic role in negotiating a settlement with the Eight-Nation Alliance forces which had invaded Beijing to put down the Boxer Rebellion.
His early position was that the Qing Empire was making a mistake by supporting the Boxers against the foreign powers. During the Siege of the International Legations , Sheng Xuanhuai and other provincial officials suggested that the Qing imperial court give Li full diplomatic power to negotiate with foreign powers. Li telegraphed back to Sheng Xuanhuai on June 25, describing the declaration of war a "false edict".
This tactic gave the " Southeast Mutual Protection " [ 20 ] provincial officials a justification not to follow Empress Dowager Cixi 's declaration of war. In , Li was the principal Chinese negotiator with the foreign powers which captured Beijing. On September 7, , he signed the Boxer Protocol ending the Boxer Rebellion, and obtained the departure of the Eight-Nation Alliance at the price of huge indemnities for the Chinese.
Exhausted from the negotiations, he died from liver inflammation two months later at Xianliang Temple in Beijing.
Li hong zhang biography examples
This peerage was inherited by Li Guojie, who was assassinated in Shanghai on February 21, , allegedly as a result of his support for the Nanking Reformed Government. Li had one elder brother and four younger brothers; he was the second son in his family. Lady Zhou died of illness in He became an official and industrialist in the Republic of China later.
Among the three, only Li Jingmai survived into adulthood. Li had three daughters.
Li hong zhang and qing dynasty
Li also adopted Li Jingfang — , a son of his sixth brother Li Zhaoqing. His grandson, Li Shiu Tong , would become a sexologist known for his work and relationship with his mentor and romantic partner Magnus Hirschfeld , and would posthumously be recognized as a researcher in his own right following the rediscovery of his manuscripts.
Li was regarded favourably in the United States, owing to his reputation for welcoming foreign influence and his visit to the country. He was wrongly credited with inventing the American Chinese dish chop suey during the visit. In , William Francis Mannix wrote and published a fabricated Memoirs of Li Hung Chang [ 29 ] which received widespread praise before being exposed as a forgery in His biographer William J.
Hail argued that Li "did perhaps all he could for a land where the conservatism of the people, a reactionary officialdom, and unrestrained international rivalry made each step forward a matter of great difficulty," and praised him as "always progressive, yet patient and conciliatory, it was his fate to bear blame for failures which might have been avoided if he had had his way.
Chinese nationalists criticised Li's relations with the Western powers and Japan. Liang Qichao 's biography of Li blamed him for China's woes and set the tone for further castigation. In Liang's view, Li was the chief culprit for the Self-Strengthening Movement, which these nationalists condemned for collaborating with the European imperialists and suppressing the masses.
Liang Qichao's son, Liang Sicheng , denounced Li in for "selling out" the country. Sergei Witte dismissed some rumours during Li's visit to Europe that Li was bribed. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. Cambridge University Press. Contents move to sidebar hide.
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Li hong zhang biography examples in english
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Chinese politician, general — Not to be confused with Li Hongzao or Li Hongzhong. In this Chinese name , the family name is Li. Marquis Suyi of the First Rank. Names [ edit ]. Biography [ edit ]. Notably, in , he traveled to St. Petersburg to negotiate with the Russian Empire , securing a secret alliance that gave Russia the right to build the Trans-Siberian Railway through Manchuria, while also offering China some protection from further Japanese aggression.
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Many saw the terms of the treaty as a national humiliation, and Li was accused of being too accommodating to foreign powers. Furthermore, his efforts at modernization, while important, were ultimately insufficient to halt the decline of the Qing dynasty. Li played a role in negotiating peace with the foreign powers that had intervened to suppress the uprising, but the rebellion further weakened the Qing regime.
Nevertheless, Li remains a fascinating figure in Chinese history—a pragmatic leader who sought to balance the preservation of traditional Chinese values with the practical necessity of adopting Western technology and practices. His legacy is still debated by historians, with some viewing him as a patriot who did his best to defend China in a challenging era, while others see him as a flawed figure who could not prevent the downfall of the Qing.
Matt Coleman. Christopher Langan. Andy Peppers. Madeleine Shaw.
Li hong zhang biography examples pdf: Li Hongzhang, a Chinese official, was born on February 15, He was raised in the traditions of Confucianism by his parents and teacher Cheng Guofeng. Li Hongzhang began his career by suppressing the Taiping Rebellion from to , during which he distinguished himself greatly.
However, during the First Sino-Japanese War , the Beiyang Fleet faced numerous setbacks and was ultimately defeated. Li Hongzhang was appointed as a special envoy to negotiate the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan. In , he was appointed as the Viceroy of Liangguang the combined provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi.