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Also I observed that the best sorts of flowers and fruits are much rarer in Ireland than in England , which notwithstanding is more to be attributed to the inhabitants than to the air. For Ireland being oft troubled with rebellions, and the rebels not only being idle themselves, but in natural malice destroying the labours of other men, and cutting up the very trees of fruit for the same cause, or else to burn them: for these reasons the inhabitants take less pleasure to till their grounds or plant trees, content to live for the day in continual fear of like mischief.
Yet is not Ireland altogether destitute of these flowers and fruits, wherewith the county of Kilkenny seems to abound more than any other part: and the said humidity of air and land making the fruits for food more raw and moist; hereupon the inhabitants and strangers are troubled with looseness of body, the country disease. Yet for the rawness they have an excellent remedy by their Aqua Vitae , vulgarly called Usquebagh , which binds the belly, and drieth up moisture more than our Aqua Vitae , yet inflameth not so much.
Also inhabitants as well as strangers are troubled there with an ague which they call the Irish ague, and they who are sick thereof, upon a received custom, do not use the help of the physician, but give themselves to the keeping of Irish women, who starve the ague, giving the sick man no meat, who takes nothing but milk and some vulgarly known remedies at their hand.
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The fertility and traffic. By this abundance of cattle the Irish have a frequent though somewhat poor traffic for their hides, the cattle being in general very little, and only the men and the greyhounds of great stature. They have also about Ophalia and Wexford , and in some parts of Munster , some fallow deer scattered in the woods; yet in the time of the war I did never see any venison served at the table, but only in the houses of the said earls and of the English commanders.
Ireland hath great plenty of birds and fowls, but by reason of their natural sloth they had little delight or skill in birding or fowling. They have such plenty of pheasants as I have known sixty served at one feast, and abound much more with rails, but partridges are somewhat rare. There be very many eagles, and great plenty of hares, conies, hawks, called goss-hawks , much esteemed with us, and also of bees, as well in hives at home as in hollow trees abroad and in caves of the earth.
Ireland yields much flax, which the inhabitants work into yarn, and export the same in great quantity; and of old they had such plenty of linen cloth as the old Irish used to wear thirty or forty ells in a shirt all gathered and wrinkled, and washed in saffron because they never put them off till they were worn out. The hawks of Ireland , called goss-hawks , are as I said much esteemed in England , and they are sought out by money and all means to be transported thither.
Ireland hath in all parts pleasant rivers, safe and long havens, and no less frequent lakes of great circuit, yielding great plenty of fish; and the sea on all sides yields like plenty of excellent fish, as salmon, oysters which are preferred before the English , and shell-fishes, with all other kinds of sea-fish, so as the Irish might in all parts have abundance of excellent sea and fresh-water fish, if the fishermen were not so possessed with the natural fault of slothfulness, as no hope of gain, scarcely the fear of authority, can in many places make them come out of their houses and put to sea.
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Hence it is that in many places they use Scots for fishermen, and they, together with the English , make profit of the inhabitants' sluggishness; and no doubt if the Irish were industrious in fishing, they might export salted and dried fish with great gain. In time of peace the Irish transport good quantity of corn; yet they may not transport it without license, lest upon any sudden rebellion the King's forces and his good subjects should want corn.
But I confess myself to have been deceived in the common fame that all Ireland is woody, having found in my long journey from Armagh to Kinsale few or no woods by the way, excepting the great woods of Ophalia and some low shrubby places which they call Glins; also I did observe many boggy and fenny places whereof great part might be dried by good and painful husbandry.
The Irish having in most parts great woods, or low shrubs and thickets, do use the same for fire, but in other parts they burn turf and sea-coals brought out of England. They export great quantity of wood to make barrels, called pipe-staves, and make great gain thereby. They are not permitted to build great ships of war, but they have small ships, in some sorts armed to resist pirates, for transporting of commodities into Spain and France , yet no great number of them; therefore since the Irish have small skill in navigation, as I cannot praise them for this art, so I am confident that the nation, being bold and warlike, would no doubt prove brave seamen if they shall practise navigation, and could possibly be industrious therein.
I freely profess that Ireland in general would yield abundance of all things to civil and industrious inhabitants; and when it lay wasted by the late rebellion, I did see it after the coming of the Lord Mountjoy daily more and more to flourish, and, in short time after the rebellion appeased, like the new spring to put on the wonted beauty.
The diet. Always I except the fruits, venison, and some dainties proper to England , and rare in Ireland. And we must conceive that venison and fowl seem to be more plentiful in Ireland , because they neither so generally affect dainty food, nor so diligently search it as the English do. The English-Irish after our manner serve to the table joints of flesh cut after our fashion, with geese, pullets, pigs, and like roasted meats, but their ordinary food for the common sort is of white meats, and they eat cakes of oats for bread, and drink not English beer made of malt and hops, but ale.
At Cork I have seen with these eyes young maids, stark naked, grinding of corn with certain stones to make cakes thereof, and striking off into the tub of meal such reliques thereof as stuck on their belly, thighs, and more unseemly parts. And for the cheese or butter commonly made by the English-Irish an Englishman would not touch it with his lips, though he were half-starved; yet many English inhabitants make very good of both kinds.
In cities they have such bread as ours, but of a sharp savour, and some mingled with anice-seeds and baked like cakes, and that only in the houses of the better sort.
And the usquebagh is preferred before our aqua vitae , because the mingling of raisins, fennel-seed, and other things mitigating the heat, and making the taste pleasant, makes it less inflame, and yet refresh the weak stomach with moderate heat and a good relish. These drinks the English-Irish drink largely, and in many families especially at feasts both men and women use excess therein.
And since I have in part seen, and often heard from other experience, that some gentlewomen are so free in this excess, as they would kneeling upon the knee and otherwise garausse health after health with men; not to speak of the wives of Irish lords or to refer it to the due place, who often drink till they be drunken, or, at least, till they void urine in full assemblies of men.
I cannot though unwillingly but note the Irish women more especially with this fault, which I have observed in no other part to be a woman's vice, but only in Bohemia. Yet so, as accusing them, I mean not to excuse the men, and will also confess that I have seen virgins, as well gentlewomen as citizens, commanded by their mothers to retire after they had in curtesy pledged one or two healths.
In cities passengers may have feather beds, soft and good, but most commonly lousy, especially in the highways, whether that came by their being forced to lodge common soldiers or from the nasty filthiness of the nation in general. I did never see any public inns with signs hanged out among the English or English-Irish , but the officers of cities and villages appoint lodgings to the passengers, and perhaps in each city they shall find one or two houses where they will dress meat, and these be commonly houses of Englishmen , seldom of the Irish , so as these houses having no signs hung out a passenger cannot challenge right to be entertained in them, but must have it of courtesy, or by entreaty.
The wild and as I may say mere Irish, inhabiting many and large provinces, are barbarous and most filthy in their diet. They scum the seething pot with a handful of straw, and strain their milk taken from the cow through a like handful of straw, none of the cleanest, and so cleanse, or rather more defile, the pot and milk.
Fynes moryson biography of albert bandura: Fynes Moryson (or Morison; – 12 February ) was an English writer and secretary. He spent most of the s travelling on the European continent and the eastern Mediterranean lands. He wrote about it later in his multi-volume Itinerary, a work of value to historians as a picture of the social conditions existing in the lands he visited.
They devour great morsels of beef unsalted, and they eat commonly swine's flesh, seldom mutton; and all these pieces of flesh, as also the entrails of beasts unwashed, they seethe in a hollow tree lapped in a raw cow's hide and so set over the fire, and therewith swallow whole lumps of filthy butter. Yea which is more contrary to nature , they will feed on horses dying of themselves, not only upon small want of flesh, but even for pleasure.
The foresaid wild Irish do not thresh their oats, but burn them from the straw, and so make cakes thereof, yet they seldom eat this bread, much less any better kind, especially in the time of war, whereof a Bohemian baron complained, who, having seen the courts of England and Scotland , would needs out of his curiosity return through Ireland in the heat of the rebellion; and having letters from the King of Scots to the Irish lords then in rebellion, first landed among them in the furthest north, where for eight days' space he had found no bread, not so much as a cake of oats, till he came to eat with the Earl of Tyrone , and after obtaining the Lord Deputy 's pass to come into our army, related this their want of bread to us for a miracle, who nothing wondered thereat.
Yea, the wild Irish in time of greatest peace impute covetousness and base birth to him that hath any corn after Christmas, as it were a point of nobility to consume all within those festival days. They willingly eat the herb shamrock, being of a sharp taste, which, as they run and are chased to and fro, they snatch like beasts out of the ditches. Neither have they any beer made of malt and hops, nor yet any ale—no, not the chief lords, except it be very rarely; but they drink milk like nectar, warmed with a stone first cast into the fire, or else beef-broth mingled with milk.
But when they come to any market town to sell a cow or a horse they never return home till they have drunk the price in Spanish wine which they call the King of Spain's daughter , or in Irish usquebagh , and till they have outslept two or three days' drunkenness. And not only the common sort, but even the lords and their wives; the more they want this drink at home, the more they swallow it when they come to it, till they be as drunk as beggars.
Many of these wild Irish eat no flesh, but that which dies of disease or otherwise of itself, neither can it scape them for stinking. They can neither seethe artichokes nor eat them when they are sodden. It is strange and ridiculous, but most true, that some of our carriage horses falling into their hands, when they found soap and starch carried for the use of our laundresses, they thinking them to be some dainty meats did eat them greedily, and when they stuck in their teeth cursed bitterly the gluttony of us English churls, for so they term us.
They feed most on white meats, and esteem for a great dainty sour curds, vulgarly called by them Bonaclabbe. One of Moryson's brothers Sir Richard Moryson also held an upper-level government appointment in Ireland. Moryson remained Mountjoy's secretary until Mountjoy's death in Later Moryson wrote a book about the military and government affairs of Ireland during the years when he was there with Mountjoy.
The Itinerary was originally intended to consist of four or five volumes.
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Moryson had to translate his texts from Latin to find a larger audience. A fourth volume, continuing the previous argument but written in English from the outset was licensed for the press in Apparently, it was never printed, and is preserved in manuscript in the library of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Being a survey of the condition of Europe at the end of the 16th century.
The latter also has extensive material on customs and institutions in Ireland and more concise articles on England and Scotland and Ireland, which needed, according to the author, to be elaborated. Volume II, on the other hand, is devoted to rebellious movements in Ireland from to Sometimes Moryson is a prejudiced and unreliable informant.
His biographer Charles Hughes says "he had a sane charity for all men, except Turks and Irish priests", [ 5 ] His antipathy to Irish priests can be illustrated by a satirical verse in his Itinerary in which "four vile beasts" are said to afflict the Irish: lice, rats, priests, and wolves. It is believed that in this volume, it is the first time that "Merry Christmas" is found in print:.
The first three volumes of Moryson's Itinerary were republished in and broken up into four physical parts. His works are full of interest, and contain invaluable notes on the condition of the countries he visited, and the manners and customs of the inhabitants. The Irish portion of his Itinerary was published separately in 2 vols.
The Retrospective Review says of his works: "We speak advisedly and within bounds when we assert that Fynes Moryson's work need not dread a comparison with any other book of travels, so far as amusing and instructive details regarding manners and the state of society are concerned. The third part consists of essays on travel, geography, and national costume, character, religion, and constitutional practice.
A manuscript fourth part, in English, treating of similar topics, is in the library of Corpus Christi College, Oxford No. The second part, together with part iii.
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Moryson is a sober and truthful writer, without imagination or much literary skill. He delights in statistics respecting the mileage of his daily journeys and the varieties in the values of the coins he encountered. His descriptions of the inns in which he lodged, of the costume and the food of the countries visited, render his work invaluable to the social historian.
His brother, Sir Richard Moryson ? Carew MSS. He was knighted at Dublin by Essex, 5 Aug. He vigorously aided Blount in his efforts to suppress Tyrone's rebellion, and on Blount's return to England became governor of Waterford and Wexford in July Cal. State Papers , Ireland, —6, pp.
In , on the death of Sir Henry Brouncker, president of Munster, Moryson and the Earl of Thomond performed the duties of the vacant office until Henry, lord Danvers [q. In Moryson became vice-president of Munster, and in August recommended that Irish pirates who infested the coast of Munster should be transported to Virginia.
Four years later he is said to have paid Lord Danvers 3, l. He was elected M. In Danvers made vain efforts to secure the Munster presidency for Moryson, but it was given to Lord Thomond ib. Ireland, —14, p. A year later Moryson left Ireland after fifteen years' honourable service, and on 1 Jan. State Papers , Dom.