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A preliminary investigation was begun, but the chief prosecutor concluded that there was no proof, noting that the plaintiff was of extremely dubious character and had been previously condemned for making false statements in another similar affair in California. Schuon continued to receive visitors and maintain a correspondence with followers, scholars and readers.
At the very end of his life, he wrote a major collection of over three thousand lyrical "teaching-poems" Lehrgedichte , which combine metaphysics and spiritual counsel, as well as reminiscences of his life. Like the poems of his youth, these were written in his native German, following a series in Arabic and another in English. I have for long wished to end this book — I could not do so; I had to write more poems.
But this time my pen lies down of itself, For there are other preoccupations, other duties; Be that as it may, whatever we may wish to do: Let us follow the call of the Most High — Let us repose in God's deep Peace.
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For Seyyed Hossein Nasr , Schuon is at once " metaphysician , theologian , traditional philosopher and logician", versed in "comparative religion", in "traditional art and civilization", as well as in "the science of man and society"; he is also known as "a critic of the modern world in not only its practical but also its philosophical and scientific aspects".
The metaphysicians and art specialists Ananda Coomaraswamy and Titus Burckhardt also became prominent advocates of this intellectual current. In Survey of Metaphysics and Esoterism , Schuon comments on the three notions of perennial philosophy philosophia , perennial wisdom sophia and perennial religion religio to show both their concordance and their particularities:.
The term philosophia perennis , which appeared as early as the Renaissance and was used extensively by neo-scholasticism , designates the science of the fundamental and universal ontological principles; a science that is immutable like these principles themselves, and primordial by the very fact of its universality and infallibility.
Biography of abraham bible: Frithjof Schuon is best known as the foremost spokesman of the religio perennis and as a philosopher in the metaphysical current of Shankara and Plato.
We would readily use the term sophia perennis to indicate that this is not a matter of "philosophy" in the standard and approximative meaning of the word — suggesting mere mental constructions springing from ignorance, doubt, and conjectures, indeed from the taste for novelty and originality — or we could also use the term religio perennis when referring to the operative side of this wisdom, thus its mystical or initiatic aspect.
For Laude, it is not the notion of the "transcendental unity of religions" that primarily characterizes Schuon's teaching, but rather "a reformulation of the sophia perennis , or religio perennis , conceived as the conjunction of a metaphysical doctrine and a means of spiritual realization". Schuon characterizes "pure" metaphysics as 1 "essential", i.
Supra-formal manifestation: created Spirit Intellect , Logos , Buddhi , paradise, angels.
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Subtle or animic manifestation: the world of the soul and the "spirits" jinns , sylphs , salamanders , gnomes , etc. Gross or material manifestation: the visible world. In the human being the microcosm the five degrees, ordered inversely, correspond to the body and the sensorial, mortal soul 5 ; the supra-sensorial, immortal soul 4 ; the created spirit or intellect 3 ; the uncreated spirit or intellect 2 ; the absolute and infinite Self 1.
Most religions comprise an exoteric and an esoteric dimension. The esoteric perspective is not reducible to a conceptual understanding, since it is essentially an intellective and "existential" conformity to Reality or a spiritual and moral assimilation of the nature of things. As Frithjof Schuon has often reminded us, to know is to be.
Lived esoterism is, at its apex, the wisdom in which being and knowing coincide. There is therefore continuity between exoterism and esoterism when the latter appears as the inner dimension of the former and consequently adopts its "language", and there is discontinuity when esoterism transcends all religion: [ 74 ] this is the religio perennis , the timeless, essential, primordial and universal esoterism.
For Schuon, Sufism tasawwuf , in Arabic — "the marrow of Islam" — is essentially "sincerity of faith". Schuon considers that "the whole of Sufism [ According to the writer Ali Lakhani , "Schuon emphasizes that the meaning of life is nothing less than the quest for [ The first two are dualistic and exoteric, [ note 6 ] and are based on revelation, whereas the path of knowledge is monistic and esoteric, and based on intellection [ ] supported by revelation.
Schuon emphasizes that the exoteric and esoteric rites of the religion practised — and of that one alone — are the basis for the spiritual method. In his writings, Schuon insists that the two requirements of doctrine and method would remain inoperative without a third element, virtue, [ ] since the spiritual path must necessarily integrate the three fundamental human faculties, namely intelligence doctrine, truth, discernment , will method, prayer, concentration and soul character, virtue, moral conformity.
He created us in His image; faults are superimposed. Moreover, it is not we who possess virtue, it is virtue which possesses us. For Schuon, humility, charity and veracity, that is to say effacement of the ego, gift of self and attachment to truth, are essential virtues, corresponding to the three stages of the spiritual path: purification, expansion and union.
Although Schuon considers that the foundations of any spiritual path are truth, prayer and virtue, [ note 9 ] he also insists upon the importance of a fourth element: beauty. To the awareness of divine beauty must correspond not only inner beauty, that is to say virtues, but also the sense of outer beauty, whether in the contemplation of nature [ ] or in artistic sensibility, [ ] without forgetting the interiorizing role of a traditional home ambiance made of beauty and serenity, foreign to the whims of modernity.
Summarizing Schuon's thought, Seyyed Hossein Nasr reminds us that it was in Europe, during the Renaissance, that the "modernist" or reductionist vision of the human condition and the universe took shape, before it affected the other continents a few centuries later. Regarding modern science, in spite of the scale of its discoveries on the physical plane, Schuon reproaches it for being "a totalitarian rationalism, which eliminates both Revelation and Intellect, and at the same time a totalitarian materialism, which ignores the metaphysical relativity of matter and the world; [ ] it does not know that the supra-sensible, which is beyond space and time, is the concrete principle of the world, and that it is consequently also at the origin of that contingent and changeable coagulation called 'matter'".
Schuon's criticism extends to philosophy — "the love of wisdom" — which was originally the fact of "thinking according to the immanent Intellect and not by reason alone". It operates with intellectual intuition — intellection — "which perceives , and not with reason alone, which concludes ", hence the abyss that separates the certainty of the sage from the opinion of the modern philosopher.
For Schuon, there are ultimately only two possibilities: "integral, spiritual civilization, implying abuses and superstitions, and fragmentary, materialistic, progressivist civilization, implying — quite provisionally — certain earthly advantages, but excluding that which constitutes the sufficient reason and final end of all human existence".
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Along with Ananda Coomaraswamy and Titus Burckhardt, [ ] Frithjof Schuon reminds us that " sacred art is first of all the visible and audible form of Revelation and then also its indispensable liturgical vesture". Echoing Schuonian thought, Cutsinger notes that the various forms of sacred art have as their object the "transmission of intellectual intuitions", thus conferring "a direct aid to spirituality", [ ] and he notes that this art "is able to transmit simultaneously metaphysical truths, archetypal values, historical facts, spiritual states, and psychological attitudes".
Evoking the transition from the Middle Ages — with its Byzantine , Romanesque and primitive Gothic arts [ ] — to the Renaissance, Schuon notes that " Christian art , which formerly was sacred, symbolical, spiritual", gave way to the advent of neo-classical art, with its naturalistic and sentimental character, which only responded "to collective psychic aspirations".
Author of a study on human theomorphism in Schuon's oeuvre, Timothy Scott notes this initial comment by Schuon: "The distinction between the Absolute and the Infinite expresses the two fundamental aspects of the Real, that of essentiality and that of potentiality; this is the highest principial prefiguration of the masculine and feminine poles".
Summarizing Schuon, Scott reminds us that nudity represents the norm — primordial man was naked, primitive peoples are also naked — [ ] and that it "symbolizes quintessential esoterism [ Who was Frithjof Schuon? Frithjof Schuon is best known as the foremost spokesman of the religio perennis and as a philosopher in the metaphysical current of Shankara and Plato.
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Over the past 50 years, he has written more than 20 books on metaphysical, spiritual and ethnic themes as well as having been a regular contributor to journals on comparative religion in both Europe and America. Schuon's writings have been consistently featured and reviewed in a wide range of scholarly and philosophical publications around the world, respected by both scholars and spiritual authorities.
Available at the website www. Click on the titles and you will be redirected to the websites. A Biographical Approach At the beginning of the twentieth century the Schuon family, of Germanic origin but of Valaisan stock, had been living in Basel for some years.
Assinar Assinado. Interviews with Others. About this site. Press Room. How to link to this site. Selected Books by Frithjof Schuon. An Online Archive about Schuon's life. Holdings: 13 Articles. Frithjof Schuon. Essential Frithjof Schuon, The, ed. Jump to :. Page 1 of 1. Page : [1] of 1 pages.